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  1. ; ; (, EPJ Web of Conferences: Traffic and Granular Flow 2024)
    Nicolas, A; Bain, N; Douin, A; Ramos, O; Furno, A (Ed.)
    Crossing flows of pedestrians result in collective motions containing self-organized lanes or stripes. Over a wide range of crossing angles, stripe orientation is observed to be perpendicular to the mean walking direction. Here, we test the behavioral components needed to reproduce the lanes and stripes in human data using an empirical, vision-based pedestrian model (Visual SCruM). We examine combinations of (i) steering toward a goal, (ii) collision avoidance, and (iii) alignment (both with and without visual occlusion). The minimal model sufficient to reproduce perpendicular stripes was the combination of a common goal and collision avoidance, although the addition of alignment with occlusion better approximated human heading adjustments. However, the model overestimated the variation in heading and underestimated the variation in speed, suggesting that recalibration of the collision avoidance component is needed. 
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  2. ; ; (, EPJ Web of Conferences: Traffic and Granular Flow 2024)
    Nicolas, A; Bain, N; Douin, A; Ramos, O; Furno, A (Ed.)
    Previous research has suggested that some positions in human crowds are more influential than others. The present study aims to manipulate the influence networks in real human crowds by specifying the causal relationship among some pedestrians. We strategically placed covert or explicit leaders (confederates) in a group of walking pedestrians, instructed them to change walking direction (heading) on a signal, and tested their influence on collective motion. We reconstructed visual influence networks from video data and analyzed the effect of these leaders on the movements of other pedestrians. Our results suggest that both covert and explicit leaders in influential positions can steer and split a crowd, but explicit leaders change the network topology and are significantly more influential than their covert counterparts. The results have potential applications to directing emergency evacuations. 
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